Hazardous chemicals in the laboratory refer to items that are flammable, explosive, toxic, harmful, and corrosive, which can cause harm or damage to personnel, facilities, and the environment.

　　Definition of hazardous chemicals

　　According to the definition in Article 3 of the "Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals C" (Order No. 591 of the State Council of China), hazardous chemicals refer to poisonous, corrosive, explosive, combustible, combustion-supporting and other properties that are harmful to humans, facilities, and the environment. Hazardous highly toxic chemicals and other chemicals.

　　According to the definition in the national standard "Classification and Numbering of Dangerous Goods" (GB6944-2012), dangerous goods refer to dangerous properties such as explosion, flammability, poisoning, corrosion, radioactivity, etc., which are used in transportation, storage, production, operation, use and During the disposal, substances and articles that require special protection are likely to cause personal injury or death, property damage or environmental pollution.

　　The definition on the official website of the State Administration of Work Safety: Hazardous chemicals refer to items that are flammable, explosive, toxic, harmful, and corrosive, which can cause harm or damage to personnel, facilities, and the environment.

　　Storage of hazardous chemicals

　　1. For the storage of hazardous chemicals, a special room can be set up as a storage room, or special counters can be set up in the drug warehouse. The storage room (special counter) should have strong anti-theft measures, and should be managed by two persons with double locks, as well as curtains, thermometers and hygrometers. Conditional units should install monitoring facilities.

　　2. The storage room (special counter) can only be used to store hazardous chemicals, and other conventional chemical reagents and instruments should not be kept in the same place. The storage of hazardous chemicals should be based on the principle of preventing interactions between different types of drugs, so as to achieve classified storage. Acidic substances are separated from alkaline substances, flammable substances are separated from oxidants, and drugs are separated from acids.

　　3. Each medicine storage room (special counter) must be equipped with an exhaust fan and regular ventilation. The exhaust pipe of each medicine cabinet should be open to the outdoors to prevent explosion due to excessive indoor medicine concentration or deterioration of medicine due to humid air.

　　4. The lighting and electrical appliances in the storage room should be explosion-proof and dedicated to dedicated lines.

　　5. The storage room and outdoor should be equipped with fire extinguishing equipment according to the characteristics of the stored hazardous chemicals, such as: foam fire extinguisher, dry powder fire extinguisher or carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, etc. Fire extinguishing equipment should be checked regularly to ensure safety and effectiveness.

　　6. The staff should be proficient in the performance and operation methods of fire extinguishers.

　　7. Qualified units should install automatic alarm devices.

　　What requirements should be met by the container for collecting hazardous waste in the laboratory?

　　After the hazardous waste is generated in the laboratory, it is generally collected and stored before it is processed. The containers for collecting hazardous waste in the laboratory should meet the following requirements:

　　1. Material requirements (compatibility principle): The material of the container for collecting hazardous waste in the laboratory must not react with the waste itself (that is, the compatibility principle). The packaging must be strong, not fragile, have good impermeability, and will not significantly soften, embrittle or increase its permeability due to temperature and temperature changes.

　　2. Airtightness requirements: The containers for the collection of hazardous waste in the laboratory must be airtight and can be properly covered or sealed, so as to ensure that even if the container is overturned, the hazardous waste will not leak out.

　　3. Integrity requirements: The containers for the collection of hazardous waste in the laboratory must be intact, kept in good condition, and free from corrosion, pollution, damage, severe rust, leakage or other defects that can reduce its holding efficiency.

　　4. Surface cleaning requirements: the surface of the container should be kept clean and should not adhere to any hazardous waste.

　　5. Labels must be affixed: the containers for the collection of hazardous wastes in the laboratory must be labeled with hazardous wastes, including the words "hazardous waste", the unit (section) that produces the hazardous waste, the address and the name of the person, the contact number, and the storage date of the hazardous waste , The name of the hazardous waste, the composition and physical state of the hazardous waste, the nature of the hazardous waste, taboos and safety protection measures, etc.

　　6. The principle of waste compatibility: Compatible wastes of the same nature or category can be collected in the same container. Different wastes that can react cannot be packed in the same container or packaging. That is, the same packaging container or packaging bag cannot contain more than two types of hazardous wastes of different properties or categories at the same time. Incompatible waste should be collected in separate waste containers. Collection containers for incompatible wastes (reactive wastes) should not be mixed together for storage.

　　7. Multi-time storage of waste: The empty container that contains hazardous waste can be used to contain hazardous waste that is similar in nature to the original content after being properly cleaned. For example, the empty plastic bucket containing hydrochloric acid can be used to contain other waste acid.

　　8. Disposal before disposal: the container for storing waste liquid must be cleaned before disposal.

　　9. Can it be used for other purposes? : The hazardous waste collection container can only collect hazardous waste and cannot be used for other purposes. Before being used for the collection and storage of another kind of hazardous waste, it must be decontaminated and checked to be correct before it can be packed and used.

　　10. Storage of containers: The containers for the collection of hazardous waste in the laboratory should be stored in a dedicated hazardous waste storage room that meets safety and environmental protection requirements or in a specific indoor area; high temperature, sun, rain, and away from fire, heat and life should be avoided Rubbish. Collection containers for incompatible wastes (reactive wastes) should not be mixed together for storage.

　　11. Selection of packaging types:

　　(1) Liquid and semi-solid hazardous waste must be packed in packaging containers.

　　(2) The containers for the collection of liquid hazardous wastes should be filled with containers (barrels or cans) with liquid filling holes whose lids cannot be opened/sealed. Plastic drums or steel drums are common packaging containers.

　　(3) Solid hazardous waste can be packed and collected in packaging containers or bags.

　　(4) Hazardous wastes such as smoke, dust, etc. that are easy to spread should be packaged in sealed plastic bags or containers with lids, and appropriate measures to prevent spreading should be tak　12. Transportation requirements:

　　(1) For the convenience of transportation, the capacity of the packaging container should generally not exceed 230 liters. The capacity of stationary hazardous waste storage containers such as storage tanks and tanks is not subject to this restriction, but such storage containers should be approved by the environmental protection department before being used.

　　(2) If the packaging container for the collection of hazardous waste is directly used for transportation, all its design, materials and structure shall be tested and certified by a third party or its indicators shall comply with the Ministry of Communications' road and waterway packaging dangerous goods transportation rules.

　　How to store unstable reagents?

　　Unstable reagents often deteriorate due to improper storage during storage, so corresponding measures must be taken to store them according to the different properties of the drugs. There are several common saving methods:

　　1. For volatile substances (such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, ammonia); easily hygroscopic drugs (such as: sodium hydroxide, anhydrous sodium acetate, anhydrous calcium chloride, calcium oxide); easily weathered drugs (such as: alum); Oxidizing chemicals (such as ferrous sulfate) and easily carbonated chemicals (such as sodium hydroxide) should be sealed tightly, sealed with paraffin wax, etc., and the tightness of the sealing should be checked frequently.

　　2. Liquid bromine should be sealed and stored in a reagent bottle after "water sealing", and placed in a cool place.

　　3. White phosphorus can ignite spontaneously in the air and is toxic, so it should be stored in a plastic bottle filled with water.

　　4. Metal sodium should be stored in liquid paraffin or kerosene, and should be stored separately from acids, alcohols and oxidants.

　　5. Some reagents are easily deteriorated by light or heat, such as concentrated nitric acid, silver nitrate, mercury chloride, hydrogen peroxide, chloroform and formaldehyde, etc. They need to be filled in brown bottles and stored in a cool place.

　　6. Alkaline solutions such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, etc. must be contained in glass bottles or plastic bottles with rubber stoppers; concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid must be contained in reagents with glass stoppers In the bottle.